What is nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is the science that studies and develops products and systems made with materials that have, as part of their nature, components at the nanometric scale.
A centimeter is 100 times smaller than a meter, a millimeter is 1,000 times smaller, and a nanometer is 1,000,000,000 times smaller than a meter.
To give you some perspective, a red blood cell is approximately 6,000 nanometers in size. Nanotechnology operates at even smaller scales. Each year, the world invests more and more in the development of nanotechnology, both to integrate it into finished products by incorporating the unique properties this technology offers, and to create markets where resource usage is minimal, enabling a significantly larger output while drastically reducing the amount of raw materials required.
Advantages of nanotechnology
Named in 1974 by Norio Taniguchi, this branch of science is one of the newest. To understand its potential and its role in both our present and future quality of life, there are two key concepts to highlight:
- NEW PROPERTIES: At such a small scale, materials acquire properties that cannot be achieved at the macromolecular level.
For example, nickel as we commonly know it is used, among other things, to make coins. However, at the nanometric scale, it acquires properties capable of enhancing construction materials — such as improving the compressive strength of cement.
This means we can add completely new and disruptive characteristics to finished products or raw substances. - PERFORMANCE BASED ON MATERIAL VOLUME: If I have a 5-gram sphere of nickel in a 33 m² room, I would be able to cover only about 0.1% of the room’s surface.
But if I divide that sphere into particles at the nanometric scale — still 5 grams of nickel — I could cover the entire area of the room.
This illustrates the material efficiency achieved through nanotechnology in relation to the active surface area it can offer.
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